If you have been diagnosed with ductal carcinoma in situ, commonly referred to as DCIS, it is normal to feel anxious. You may wonder which treatment options are available. Understanding a little bit about your condition can help you choose the best course of action.

What is ductal carcinoma in situ?

Often referred to as an early stage of cancer or a pre-cancerous condition, DCIS occurs when cells inside the duct begin to change and appear abnormal. Often discovered at a routine mammogram screening, ductal carcinoma in situ is cancer that has not moved outside the duct and is typically considered non-invasive, which makes it easier to treat than invasive cancer.

Biopsy findings

When DCIS is suspected on a screening mammogram, most doctors will order a biopsy to confirm the condition. The pathologist will determine whether the DCIS is low, intermediate, or high grade, which will determine the treatment necessary. Samples will be sent to be tested for hormone receptors, which will help your cancer treatment care team know if your cancer is more likely to become aggressive later.

Careful surveillance

In some cases, your doctor may choose a wait-and-see approach, but this will only be recommended if your cancer is low-grade. This will require you to have regular mammograms and follow-ups with your care team. You may be able to be enrolled in a case study program if you choose this approach. 

Lumpectomy with or without radiation

Often the first step in treatment for DCIS is the removal of the area where unusual cells are detected and the tissue surrounding the area. This is often followed by a course of radiation therapy. You may also need to take hormone medication if your cancer was triggered by a specific hormone receptor.

Mastectomy

If the area of DCIS is large or exists in multiple areas of the breast, you may be recommended for a mammogram. You will be offered the option of having breast reconstructive surgery done following mastectomy. Those who undergo mastectomy may not need follow-up radiation treatments.

Knowing all you can about ductal carcinoma in situ will help ease your mind and understand what to expect when you go for a consultation with your cancer specialist. Most doctors will give you a choice in breast cancer treatment options, which can help ease your mind knowing you are still in control of what happens to your body. You will be able to discuss any concerns you have with your doctor so the two of you can work together to find a solution that is best for treating your DCIS.